??? ?????? ?????? ??? 1742? ??? ???? ?? 20 ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????.
??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? (1743-1754) ???? ??????? (1754-1756 ?1757-1762) ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????.
???? ??? ??????
?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1763. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? 1765 ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????.
????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 1770. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????.
??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???. ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? - ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? - (?????? ??????????).
????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? 7 ????? (??????) 1780 ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? "??? ?????". ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????.
???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????.
????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????
?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? 1766 ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????.
???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? - ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? (?????? ??????????) ? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???.
???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????.
?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 1782? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????.
???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????
??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? 10 ???? ??????? ?? 1783-1801 ??? 1804-1806? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???.
??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.
??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? - ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? - ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????.
???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 10 ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? (?????) 1786? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? - ???? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? 30 ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????.
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? 20,000 ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????.
??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? (?????? ??????????) ???????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????.
???? ??? ??? 1806 ?? ??? ????? 46 ???? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 10 ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? 20 ????.
??????: ????? ????????? 1807-1876
??????: ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? 1730-1742
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